ARTICULATION
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2 years old: b, p, d, m, speech is understood 50% of the time
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3 years old: f, g, k, t, w, speech is understood 75% of the time
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4 years old: speech is understood 85% of the time
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5 years old: ch, s, j, sh, speech is understood 100% of the time
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6 years old: consonant blends
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7 years old: th, s blends
LANGUAGE
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1 year old: produces at least 1 word around first birthday, follows basic directions
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2 years old: combines 2 words to make phrases, vocabulary of 150-300 words
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3 years old: combines 3 words to make phrases, follows multi-step directions
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4 years old: uses -ing verbs appropriately, understands spatial concepts
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5 years old: speaks in long sentences, answers complex questions
STUTTERING/FLUENCY
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2–5 yr: mild word/phrase repetition can be normal
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3–4 yr: speech becomes more fluent
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4–5 yr: smoother conversational speech expected
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Persistent stuttering may benefit from speech therapy
FEEDING
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0–4 mo: suck/swallow reflexes, breastmilk/formula only
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4–6 mo: starts purees, good head control
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6–9 mo: finger foods, cup introduction
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9–12 mo: self-feeding, soft table foods
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12–18 mo: spoon use, transition off bottle
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18–24 mo: improved utensils/cup skills
FINE MOTOR
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Difficulty holding crayons, pencils, utensils, or small toys
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Trouble using buttons, zippers, snaps, or dressing fasteners
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Avoidance or frustration with coloring, drawing, or writing tasks
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Difficulty with scissors, puzzles, blocks, or hand-eye coordination
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Challenges with self-feeding or using cups and utensils
GROSS MOTOR
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If your child is struggling with movement, balance, coordination, or physical milestones like sitting, crawling, walking, or for school aged kids skipping, or running with fluidity our team is here to help. We’ll guide you through the next steps and determine what support may be beneficial.
SENSORY
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Strong reactions to sounds, textures, lights, smells, or movement
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Difficulty with clothing, bathing, grooming, or toothbrushing
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Frequent crashing, climbing, spinning, or seeking intense movement
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Difficulty calming, transitioning, or staying regulated
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Mealtime challenges related to texture, smell, or appearance of food
ADLs/IADLs
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ADL and IADL milestones are the everyday life skills children develop to become more independent and less reliant on parents for daily routines. These skills include dressing, feeding, grooming, potty training, tying shoes, hygiene, organization, and participation in age-appropriate responsibilities at home and school. Building independence supports confidence, emotional regulation, self-esteem, and lifelong success.